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A REPORT ON FIELD ATTACHMENT PROGRAM CONDUCTED AT K & M ADVOCATES FROM 5th/ SEPTEMBER /2022 to 7th / OCTOBER/2022. BY WERE KENNET PETER Table of Contents Contents DECLARATION ii Approval iii Acknowledgement iv Table of Contents v EXECUTIVE SUMMARY viii LIST OF ACRONYMS x CHAPTER ONE 1 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Background to the field attachment program. 1 1.2 Objectives of the field attachment program 2 1.3 Background of the institution of placement 3 CHAPTER TWO 5 2.1 Introduction 5 2.2 Duties and Responsibilities Undertaken 5 2.2.1 Attendance of court sessions 5 2.2.2. Mediation 5 2.2.3. Visiting registries 6 2.2.4. Bill of costs 7 2.2.5. Trial bundles 9 2.2.6. Legal opinions 10 2.2.7 Research…………………………………………………………………………………………….10 2.2.8 Reading cases……………………………………………………………………………………….11 2.2.9 Going to police stations……………………………………………………………………………..11 2.3. New knowledge and skills acquired 12 2.4. Relationship with other staff 14 2.5. Most enjoyed things and why 14 2.5.2. Interaction with Lawyers 15 2.6 Problems experienced and how they were handled. 16 2.7. Major benefits derived from field attachment exercise on the side ofthe student. 16 2.7.1 New knowledge and practical experiences………………………………………………………….16 2.7.2 Improved problem solving…………………………………………………………………………16 2.7.3 Relationship with different categories of people……………………………………………………16 2.7.4. Exposure to the demands and challengesof the work environment. 17 2.7.5. Opportunity to work with potential employers. 17 2.7.6. Improved appreciation of the legal profession and ethics 17 CHAPTER THREE 18 3.1 Recommendations 18 3.1.1 TO THE UNIVERSITY 18 3.1.2 TO THE ORGANIZATION OF PLACEMENT 19 3.1.3 TO THE FUTURE INTERNEES. 19 3.2 CONCLUSION 19 REFERENCES 21 APPENDIX I: 23 FIELDWORK WORKSHEET / DAIRY 23   EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The law court in Equatorial Guinea has sentenced a former head of the National Financial Investigation Agency (NFIA) Baltasar Ebang Engonga to eight years in prison for embezzlement of public funds. He gained international notoriety in 2024 after sex tapes with more than 400 women leaked online. official Secretary General Amb. Wellars Gasamagera led the FPR - Inkotanyi delegation at the two-days NRM National Delegates Conference held at Kololo Independence Ground in Kampala, Uganda. Addressing the congress, SG Gasamagera said that both parties share a lot in common, including the Pan- Africanism ideology and a common critical understanding that regional integration is not a choice but a necessity. He also reiterated RPF - Inkotanyi’s commitment to strengthen The East African Community as a platform for integration, economic growth, security and people to people exchanges. The Secretary General also expressed RPF’s commitment to continued friendship and collaboration with the NRM Kabale District Senior Environment Officer, Evas Asiimwe, says the change in colour of water on Lake Bunyonyi could be a result of siltation due to the degradation and encroachment of lake shores https://bit.ly/41sqZtF #MonitorUpdates Speaking during the 89th passing-out parade at the NYS Paramilitary Academy in Gilgil, Nakuru County, President Ruto announced that plans were underway to increase NYS intake from 18,000 to 100,000 in three years time. The Thursday pass out had the largest intake in NYS history. #TV47News Denzel Washington says he’s tired of movies and doesn’t watch them anymore. Rwanda has officially begun receiving migrants deported from the United States under President Donald Trump’s “third-country” migration framework, becoming the third African nation after South Sudan and Eswatini to do so. Government spokesperson Yolande Makolo confirmed that seven non-Rwandan individuals arrived in mid-August after being vetted under the bilateral agreement. Of the group, three migrants expressed a wish to return to their countries of origin, while four chose to remain in Rwanda to start new lives. They are currently hosted by an international organisation with support from the International Organisation for Migration and Rwanda’s social services, reflecting Kigali’s humanitarian approach. The deal is part of a wider U.S. strategy of outsourcing migration management. Earlier, eight deportees were sent to South Sudan and five to Eswatini, while Uganda has also signed on to accept certain migrants rejected by the U.S. asylum system, provided they have no criminal records and are not minors. While the agreements strengthen political and diplomatic ties between Washington and the African host nations, human rights groups have raised concerns. Critics warn that the framework shifts U.S. migration responsibilities onto smaller African states with limited resources, creating risks of inadequate oversight and poor conditions for deported migrants. DCI launches investigations into the rise of juvenile gangs in Umoja and its environs. Preliminary investigations have established that the boys, aged between 12 and 19, have formed rival groups under names such as Chinje, Mbogi, Bad Bunny, and Silent. Kenya has been ranked 94th overall out of 120 countries globally in the annual Chandler Good Government Index (CGGI) report, which lists how the governments of the featured nations are being run, from the best to the worst. In Africa, Kenya has been ranked 14th, with the continent's best-managed country according to the report being Mauritius. The other four countries in the top 5 in Africa are Rwanda, Botswana, Morocco, and South Africa. Globally, Singapore has been ranked the world's best-governed country, followed by Denmark, Norway, Finland, and Sweden in the top 5. The report has ranked Nigeria, Zimbabwe, Angola, Sierra Leone, and Venezuela as the countries having the worst governance. The ranking considers Leadership & Foresight, Laws & Policies, Strong Institutions, Financial Stewardship, Attractive Marketplaces, Global Iinfluence & Reputation, and the Ability to Help a Country's People Rise. Published annually, the Chandler Good Government Index (CGGI) measures the effectiveness of 120 national governments by using 35 equally weighted indicators that are grouped into seven pillars. The CGGI is unique in its focus on government capabilities that are important for all countries, regardless of political system or ideology. MWANZA NITA HAKIKISHA NAPAMBNA NIWEZAVYO NIWALETE MWAKI JUICE 🥤🙌MUONE UTOFAUTI NIME AMUA KUSITISHA UJENZI WA DUKA LANGU KWANZA NILETE MWAKI JUICE MWANZA😂😂😂😂NIPO TAYARI KUFIRISIKA ILA MWAKI JUICE YA MWANZA IWE MFANO🙌🙌🙌🙌🙌🙌 UNGEPENDA MWAKI JUICE YA MWANZA IWE LOCATION GAN?😂😂😂😂 Evangelist Franklin Graham has urged Christians worldwide to pray for today’s high-stakes summit between President Trump and President Putin in Alaska, aimed at ending the war in Ukraine. Graham, who has provided humanitarian aid in Ukraine and met both leaders, called for prayers for wisdom for Trump and a change of heart for Putin to achieve true peace. His plea coincides with multi-day prayer vigils by Orthodox Christians, as the summit’s outcomes could shape not just Ukraine’s future, but the security of all Europe. #PrayForPeace #TrumpPutinSummit #FranklinGraham #UkraineWar #Peacetalks #FaithInAction #GlobalPrayer #EndTheWar #PrayForUkraine President Ruto explained that healthcare is no longer a privilege for the few who can afford, but a right for every Kenyan, adding that the Government was digitising the health system to seal the loopholes that crippled the defunct NHIF, ensuring that the new Social Health Authority (SHA) delivers on its mandate. NRM delegates line up to vote for the party's National Vice Chairperson (Female). The race is between First Deputy Prime Minister Rebecca Kadaga and Speaker Anita Among. #MonitorUpdates The world’s oldest president, 92-year-old Paul Biya of Cameroon, has been cleared by the Constitutional Court to run for another 7-year term in the upcoming elections. Biya has been in power for 43 years, making him the longest-serving president in Africa. His decision to seek an eighth term has sparked discussions across the continent about leadership, democracy, and the country's future. What is your comment on Biya continuing to rule in Cameroon? #PaulBiya #Cameroon #AfricanPolitics #Elections2025 #Leadership you’re wrong to involve Basoga, Museveni tells Kadaga ... more This report consists of the duties and obligations I undertook at the K&M ADVOCATES. These activities included; attending at K&M ADVOCATES AND ASSOCIATES some of which include Land transactions, Company Registration, attending court sessions, attending mediation proceedings, Legal opinions, and drafting legal documents. This report also consists of how the above tasks were carried out some of which through carrying out a good research, consultation with the Host supervisor and other lawyers and attending court sessions. This report will also consist of the challenges I experienced during the internship exercise. Which in summary include among others the difficulty of determining who the real clients are, the beauracracy in many organizations that make the assignment given to drag on for long periods of time sometimes due the level of corruption in various institutions where monetary favors are asked from you not to mention the diverging from the established theoretical law in a bid to please people in higher authorities or those with money also the bid difference that exists between the theoretical and the practical bit of law. As well as the withholding of work by the partners and other staff because they felt I did not have enough theoretical knowledge to enable me do practical work. This report further contains the general ways of the lawyers in the public today, their strengths, weaknesses, the challenges they face and their Relationship with the outside world or with their clients. This report also includes some recommendations to improve the field attachment exercise. These include encouraging the employers to give interns work regardless of whether we have covered most of the practical subjects or not. I also recommend that the Law school continues with the internship program to enable the students acquire practical skills and acknowledge and also enhance in students a wide and deeper understanding of the Law (legal system). In conclusion I consider the internship program an eye opening activity that has clearly set out my path in regards to the legal profession.   LIST OF ACRONYMS K&M KM ADVOCATES AND ASSOCIATES URSB Uganda Registration Service Bureau HS Host Supervisor LPPU Land Police Protection Unit AC Academic Supervisor CAO Chief Administrative Officer CPS Central Police Station URA Uganda Revenue Authority LC Local Council MOU Memorandum of Understanding AOA Articles of Association CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND 1.0 INTRODUCTION This section looks at objectives of the internship, scope of the internship in relation to geographical area and time. This chapter also looks at organizational profile like background, organizational structure, organizational stock holders and organizational activities. 1.1 Background to the field attachment program. In abid to improve the quality of graduates produced every year, Makerere University introduced field attachment program where students reach out to various employment institutions where they get to do practical tasks in line with the academic program they are studying to the University. Some of the reasons for the field attachmentprogram are; to enable the students to understand work ethics, employments demands and responsibilities and also to instill in the students the courage, interest and the confidence to deal with real life problems starting with solving live problems faced by students at their places of work. The field attachment program was introduced in 2012 at the school of law. This came up because the Administration realized that there was a need for students to acquire the practical hands on experience. The administration further realized the need for students to get familiar with the legal ethics and profession and also to appreciate the employment environment. Students are therefore required to attend court sessions to grasp the procedural aspects of the law. Students are also required to go to the company registry, land registry and become familiar with the procedures followed in incorporation of companied, buying or registering land and lodging caveats. Inaddition, students are also required to familiarize themselves with some of the court documents, learn new ways of doing research and write legal opinions. Students are also required to build professional relationships with the people they are working with who are potential employers and also who may guide and mentor them when they join the legal profession. In my perspective, to add on, the field attachment exercise provides the student a unique opportunity to students to put into practice the theoretical knowledge they have acquired overtime, also an opportunity to compare the theoretical bit of law with the practical bit and be able to make a definitive choice as to the fields of law they may pursue. 1.2 Objectives of the field attachment program i. To provide an opportunity for the student to apply the principles and techniques theoretically learnt at law school into real life problem solving situations. ii. To enable the student get hands on experience in real-life situations that am expected to work in when I graduate. iii. To provide an opportunity for the student to interact with the academic staff, stakeholders and potential employers to appreciate field situations that will also generate information for curricula review and improvement. iv. To develop the student understands of the work ethics, employment demands, responsibilities and opportunities. v. To enhance and strengthen linkages between Makerere University and various stakeholders vi. To give students an opportunity to have more information when it comes to picking a career path in law. vii. Also through their reports to learn an improve the field attachment activity. 1.3 Background of the institution of placement KM Advocates and Associates is a Ugandan based law firm with attorneys having educational back grounds from the different parts of the world, and some with experience ranging from 45 years of legal practice. The firm is bent on providing effective practical solutions to clients, and attorneys, at KM advocates and associates cherishes the notion of value for value; giving clients results worth their fee/input. Its western oriented attorneys do understand well the sensitivities and concerns of NGOs hence well placed to help them achieve their goals. The Firm’s time conscious attorneys do always respect time guidelines and schedules given by client and share in the zeal of being part of molding the future lawyers and providing an intern position every year to students from various universities and those seeking clerkship with a aim of creating a better student and a lawyer in the future. Mr.Kikomeko Muhammad, the host supervisor, has had a commendable background having practiced law at Nyanzi, Kiboneka and Company Advocates before leaving for his Masters degree in Law at Howard University School of Law. In the United States he himself interned at Pugh Law Group, a small law firm in largo, where he carefully observed ‘the American lawyer’ perspective to problem solving vis a vis British legal system. He later worked with the friends of the World Food Institute, a food production policy think tank under Doctor Echols Marsha, where he made lots of research on farming and land policy, small scale farming and its commercialization on the African continent. He is now a Professor of Law, teaching Agro-business, Trade and Investment Law (focus on Investing in Africa), International Trade among others. He initiated and founded the Food Law Centre at the Islamic University In Uganda (IUIU), an institution engaged in researching on the potential of the Agricultural sector in the Great Lakes region. He is practicing Law, focusing on commercial transactions, Intellectual property, project finance, Banking and financing, Agriculture, International Trade, Lobbying, Legal and Business consulting, globalization, and International Regulatory affairs among others. He is a member of the Uganda Law Society and East African Law Society. In practice of all the above fields the firm ensures to include the interns closely so as to ensure their smooth learning and making the experience memorable in a bid to nature a student that will both love the law and as well be excellent at practicing it in any field of his choice. This is done by including interns in various activities which among others include drafting of legal documents these have been instrumental in developing my skill as an intern in drafting of legal documents I have also been sent to many offices such as other law firms the East African Community Affairs the headquarter of the Wakiso district headquarters where I had a chance to meet the chief administrative officer and also I have had the chance to be part of mediation at commercial court all these activities have been so enlightening ad have had a great impact to my learning and putting into practice what I have learnt in class.   CHAPTER TWO 2.1 Introduction This chapter looks at the organization’s activities, the department I was assigned as well as roles of the agency supervisor towards my activities. 2.2 Duties and Responsibilities Undertaken 2.2.1 Attendance of court sessions One of my duties to accompany my host supervisor to court wewent to the Nabweru chief magistrate’s court however the matter was adjourned in those proceedings since the defendants had just hired a new lawyer who had not acquainted themselves with the facts of the case. However later I went to the commercial court where our clients were being sued for selling the claimant land on agreement that they would remove the squatter which they did not do so the claimant requested the return of the price and they failed to return the money thus the suit. The matter was before His Lordship judgeWangtutsi at the commercial court who when the hearing started inquired whether the agreement was in contention and both sides answered in the negative he then angrily pointed out the fact that the parties had not turned up for mediation which was a mandatory process and thus told them to go and carry out the mediation and go back to court with a result this was done and a consent judgment was reached. This helped me learn in detail the process of the court not to add how he emphasized that lawyers in his court have to be robbed and properly dressed I keenly observed the court process and the matter was heard in chamber it was an informative process. 2.2.2. Mediation I had the chance to attend mediation as well this happened when I went with my host supervisor to the commercial court after the learned judge had asked whether the sale agreement was in contention and both parties answered in the negative he informed them that he had noticed that the parties had not turned up for mediation and said that mediation was a mandatory process e thus told both parties to go for mediation the return to court in an hours’ time. I then had the opportunity to attend the mediation and learnt that this process is where both parties seat and try to come to an understanding the lawyer of both sides seat and put the facts on the table and each is given a chance to give his point of view these are supposed to be in line with what the client’s instructions are. In this mediation the claimant bought land with assurance from the defendants that they would remove the squatters this latter turned out impossible and the claimant requested for the refund of the full price with interest the defendants accepted and to show good will they gave the claimants titles of land four years later the defendants had not paid and the claimant had denied them access to the title which the defendants claimed they were to sell to pay the claimant. During mediation the claimants accepted to hand the titles back to defendants and they also accepted to pay within four months with an agreed interest. I appreciated the process and observed that it is key in dealing with the case backlog and dispensation of quick justice I also learnt that in each negotiation that goes well each party has to do away with some demands, this in conclusion also enhances reconciliation vis a vis the court process where court makes an order thatis mandatory not to mention the financial aspect of the parties who are able to save as regards funding the court process. 2.2.3. Visiting registries I also had the responsibility of visiting registries especially the Uganda Registration Service Bureau (URSB) this was in regard to the registration of companies mostly. In this process a client would come with an idea of incorporating their company and they would give you the general picture of how they would want their company to be and do then you would reserve the name this entailed taking an application form for reservation of a name this is under s; 18 of the companies act of 2012and the Registration amendment act, 2006toURSB an assessment is made and if the name is available it is reserved and the money is paid mainly in Diamond Trust Bank. After that process then the memorandum and articles of association are drafted these are done in accordance with the companies act and three copies are made and these have to go with the assessment form that is paid the statement of nominal capital I it is in the matter of the Stamp Act , the form for registration of a company this is according to the 2nd schedule of the Companies Act and the passport photos of the directors have to be assessed the declaration for compliance wit the requirement of the companies act, the notice of situation of the registered office and the registered postal address or of any change and the particulars of directors and secretaries. This process was as well as enlightening as regards my knowledge in business associations practically I witnessed the use of subscribers of a company and to what extent they invest in forming a company. Where a subscriber cannot hold the company accountable when the company is formed as the rule in Salomon v Salomon it becomes a new entity and also separate from its directors also as witnessed it is very possible for shareholder to be an employee of a company this I witnessed when I was tasked to incorporate a clinici.e. Heart Beat Health Care where the majority shareholder was also the employee, doctor employed in the clinic this is my humble opinion brought cases like Lee v Lee from the law reports to the seen applicability. Also many a time I was sent to the court registry the process was the notice of motion is taken to the clerk who opens up the case then a date is given and the file is taken to the registrar to sign the registrar may return the file if it has any defects or he/she may sign it three copies are usually made and one is retained while one is filed in the firm while the other is served to the other party in the suit this document constitutes affidavit and annexures in this case the notice of motion was to stay the execution of an exparte judgment which was passed in the absence of counsel and the client. 2.2.4. Bill of costs I drafted the bill of costs while using TheAdvocates (Remuneration and Taxation of costs) Rules as a guide. Where I learnt how to draft a bill of costs the manner of preparing the bill of costs is it is put in five columns in the following manner,the first or left-hand column for dates, showing year, month, the second column for the number of the items the third column for the particulars of the services charged for the fourth column for the professional charges claimed; and the fifth column for the taxing officer’s deductions. Disbursements are shown separately at the foot of the bill and fees for attending taxation are not included in the body of the bill, but the item appears at the end, and the amount left blank for completion by the taxing officer. The bill of costs is one of the essential documents used in preparation for a court proceeding since it gives accountability to the client to help him or her fully understand how the total of money that he pays to the lawyer as lawyers’ fees is arrived at, some of the items included in a bill of costs include filing fees, travel expenses to and from court as well as costs for other forms of documentation. 2.2.4 Civil marriage During my internship I also had the opportunity to be part of a civil marriage process these are carried out under the marriage act I was tasked with preparing the documents for notice of marriage this according to the Marriage act one of the parties to the intended marriage shall sign and give to the registrar of the district in which the marriage is intended to take place a notice in Form A in the First Schedule to the act. However though that is spelt out in the act I was asked by my host supervisor to go to the Wakiso District headquarters and inquire what the requirements are, when I went I was given a more detailed list which included an affidavit from the two intending marriage parties these I managed to get and since the intending bride had been living in Canada she sent the affidavit which was before a notary public, also two passport photos were required letters from the local councils 1 saying the intending groom on Uganda had not been married and he is known and a couple of payments had to be made including payments to the Wakiso District Council. After I collected the documents I had them assessed for payment of stamp duty it later surprisingly turned out that the gentleman had tried to do the process on his own but had abandoned it though the notice had been put up close to three months on consultation with the registrar’s office the marriage was allowed to continue and a date was set on the given date I went with the lot to the district headquarter and witnessed the marriage. The Chief Administrative Officer asked the witnesses question to ascertain their identity then they pronounced the oath and signed the certificate they were then legally married globally. 2.2.5. Trial bundles I drafted trial bundles which involves all the documentary evidence that a lawyer intends to use in court during a court proceeding. It is important that you mainly consider the documents mentioned in the plaint in form of annexure to ensure that onlyrelevant documents are included. However, there may be important documents that are included in the trial bundle but are not in the plaint which are important for the trial and it is important to include these as well. 2.2.6. Legal opinions I also wrote legal opinions as regards the cases that werebroughtto the firm for example in fact where the claimants relatives were knocked to death by a taxi driver my legal opinion involved using vicarious liability to get compensation form the employer of the taxi driver and I used cases like Muwonge v Attorney general this was based on the principle of deep pocket where the employer has the money to give the affected families2.2.7. Police bonds Just as court grants bail also police gives bond this is done in line with S.17 of the Criminal Procedure Act while carrying out my internship I had a chance to execute police bonds and also to renew police bonds these are given if the police arrests someone and will not be able to produce that person in court within forty eight hours the person has to report back to police in the intervals that they are given while police carries out investigations or if they fail they risk detainment once again. One of the clients I dealt with was given bond and he was not around on the day of extension of the bond I was thus sent to officer in charge at the Central Police Station to explain his circumstances and have the bond extended this is done on the release on bond police form 18 under S; 17 of the Criminal Procedure Act . After presentation of the facts to the officer in charge he told me to talk to the claimants and he would extend it if they accepted luckily enough they did accept and the bond was extended, this was on the basis that our client was looking for money to pay the claimants who he had promised to pay on that particular day. On another incident a client was detained at the police station on Luwum street on a charge of inciting violence, I was sent there and the client’s statement was taken and the statement of the KCCA officials who had arrested him. He was released on police bond and he was told to return in two days time, I went back with him and the police had established that the problem had arisen from the stage operators who had given the fellow drivers money which was less by 15000/=(fifteen thousand shillings) and they were demanding accountability, he was discharged and cautioned not to stay in areas where chaos was happening. 2.2.7. Research I also carried research on various aspects these included among others how to set aside an exparte judgment which I found in the civil procedure rules and the case law, I was also tasked with researching about civil marriages where I discovered there are otherrequirementsthat arerequired apart from those inthe Marriage Act . 2.2.8. Reading cases I was also tasked with reading cases for instance I was tasked with reading cases regarding the setting aside of an Exparte judgment I was given the task of reading cases such as Bigways Construction Company Ltd vs. Trentyre (U) Ltd .,Banco Arabe Espanol v Bank of Uganda ,Godfrey Magezi & Anor v Sudhir Rupaleria ,T.M.K V Jack Busingye & 2 others them and was tasked with comparing them with the facts that we heard before us which were that the client had been in Kasese where insurgencies erupted and the counsel, my host supervisor, was bed ridden at the same time these in my opinion had the necessary facts to support the stay of execution of the ex parte judgment and were included in the notice of motion to stay execution. 2.2.9 Going to police stations I was also tasked with going too police stations many a time ii was sent to CPS to coordinate meetings between our client and the claimants the client was in the car selling business and sold people cars but did not get them the logbooks it turned out he had not completed the payments of the cars from where he had bought them some people asked for a refund which he did by giving them postdated checks I was also sent to Kibuli Land Police Protection Unit here a client was sold land only later for a real owner to turn up with the genuine title the vendor accepted too return the money but she had refused after some time I was sent to the land Protection unit so that she can be arrested and charged even return the money, I saw the deputy commandant who told me to put the facts on an official headed paper of the firm so he can recall the file which I did. 2.3. New knowledge and skills acquired During my internship I managed to acquire new skills through activities I carried these among others include though are not limited to drafting of bill of costs and other legal documents the conduct in court and general conduct of lawyers relationship with both the staff and clients got exposed to the practical aspect of law among other skills which are detailed below; 2.3.1. Bill of costs I also learnt how to draft a bill of costs, using the Advocate’s (Remuneration and Taxation of costs) Rules as a guideline of how to compute the lawyer’s fees which include instruction fees, filing fees, transport fees as well as fees for filing other court documents this is drawn by the lawyer and given to the party that is supposed to foot the bills, during my internship I was tasked with drawing bills of costs I was tasked with calling the client who had invested in the suit and the bill of costs was to be taken to court so court can use its discretion to award the costs to the winning party I called the client and was given the details and I drew the bill of costs which I learnt and added to my skills learnt. 2.3.2. Civil marriages I leant the process of carrying out a civil marriage and this include putting up the notice of marriage and this was put up after the parties fulfilled the required that are set out in the Marriage Act which among other include the swearing of the affidavits that they have never been married before in addition to LC letters introducing them to the authorities the information of the parties t the marriage and the information of the witnesses, these should be taken to the CAO the CAO is the registrar of the district the marriage or notice has to be pinned up at the notice board and after the period has expired the parties can then got to the CAO’s office and be married they are issued with a marriage certificate and they then have a valid marriage. I managed to learn the process and too widen the scope of my learning the bride was living in Canada thus the affidavit was sworn before a notary public of Canada 2.3.3. Legal opinions I also learnt to write legal opinion unlike the theoretical facts given in class these facts given seemed to be a lot clearer and I had the option of calling the clients for clarity this made it easy to pick out the legal issues from the facts and writing a good legal opinion. Writing legal opinion entails reading the facts in the file than calling the client for clarity then picking out the legal aspects and writing out a legal opinion first and foremost I learnt that one must first figure out a clear line of thought in which to approach the facts then write out a good legal opinion for example I was presented with facts where the husbands of the clients were knocked to death by a taxi driver and the families were now suffering financially as the people who were killed were the bread winners the driver had already been arrested so he could not provide any substantial financing for the families. Presented with this fact I had to call and inquire whether the taxi belonged to the driver or he was being employed by someone on getting the information that the owner of the taxi indeed had several other taxis and commercial vehicles I knew my opinion had to fall within vicarious liability then I sought to find the authorities that made the employer culpable. 2.3.4. Court Proceedings and Mediation Proceedings I was also keen and appreciated the difference in the procedures used in the chief magistrate court and in commercial court during mediations. For example in the chief magistrates court stringent procedures are followed and in most case the lawyers do most of the deliberations. The parties to the case only speak when they are asked to speak and the decision of the magistrate is binding on all parties. In mediations however, there is no stringent procedure put in place and in most cases the court follows a procedure that both parties consider to be favorable for them. Despite the fact that the client`s lawyers attend the sessions, in most cases the parties to the suit do most of the deliberations. The decision of the mediator is not binding on both parties for example in one of the mediation proceeding I went for the parties went ahead and got consent judgment. 2.4. Relationship with other staff Relationship with other staff was professional and very good because first of all the members were so supportive, hospitable and helpful during my entire stay at KM advocates and associates and they helped me learn a lot I managed to have a fruitful lecture from one of the partners who had been elected to the International Criminal Court and he gave me good insight on how I can apply my international law this helped me see the use of the subject more clearly even if you are not practicing in an international court and among these include consultancy when it comes to companies that are going to operate globally, giving lectures, writing books, working in embassies among other things. Among the staff were also those who were going to sit for their entry to the Law Development Center so they can pursue their diploma in law bar course they included me in their discussion and this in one way or another helped me build my confidence in regard to the program and realize the effort I need to put. The relationship in my humble opinion was good and fruitful and this helped me learn even more. 2.5. Most enjoyed things and why 2.5.1. Court sessions I enjoyed court sessions these were particularly good because I got the chance to see the lawyers battling in court it did look easy but in my humble opinion it was all about the lawyer that had prepared well, it was also funny when lawyers made funny mistakes which the judges would point out like the documents at one time had a date of typing that was after the filing which showed the documents had been filed even before they were typed. Another aspect that caught my attention was the respect the lawyers gave to the judge when at te law firms my encounters with lawyers left me knowing them to be extremely pompous people however in front of the judge they had to be humble and also dress well while at commercial court those who were not properly dressed in robs were sent out by the judge. 2.5.2. Interaction with Lawyers I also enjoyed interacting with lawyers during my internship I managed to meet several advocates those who seemed friendly I asked them for any advice they could give me and if the bar course was hard as regards the bar course they all said it was hard and needed a lot of effort some even went ahead to give me advice to go and do it from other east African countries since there I had a better chance on the advice I was given a lot but all in all the point I picked out was to work hard prepare well and be honest. 2.5.3. Assignments I enjoyed the assignments ii was given tis made me feel part of the firm these included even aspects outside the field of law for example repair of the computers which am good at I was also the one who over saw the partitioning of the office I was also given the money to repair the printers and many other assignments. 2.5.4. Incorporation of Companies I also enjoyed the process of company registration I managed to incorporate some companies on my own I also enjoyed this process because I can accomplish it on my own. 2.5.5. Mediation proceedings The internee very much enjoyed the mediation proceedings because she was able to appreciate the importance of Alternative Dispute Resolution which inn my opinion is a revolutionary exercise that will enhance reconciliation and also help save the money that clients would have spent if they continued to court. 2.6 Problems experienced and how they were handled. At the beginning of the training, the lawyers were reluctant to give me tasks to carry-out because they felt. The internee did not have enough theoretical knowledge to enable metake on the practical tasks. I started asking if I could help the staff with their work this helped them realize what is could do and I was able to get assignments of my own if I did not know I asked to be taught. I also had a big problem in using the laws of Uganda, the red and blue volumes as well as the case indexes and how to use the advocate’s (remuneration and taxation of costs) rules to calculate the bill of costs but one of the lawyers explained to us how to use them so it became easy. I experienced also the problem of various institutions where people asked for bribes to complete a task, I would find alternative ways or call my host supervisor sometimes we would have no option. 2.7. Major benefits derived from field attachment exercise on the side ofthe student. 2.7.1. New knowledge and practical experiences I acquired new knowledge and practical experiences during the internship program. For example I learnt that in court one has to be prepared well so that when in court courts time is not wasted I also learnt practical skills like drafting affidavits, writing demand notices and intention to sue notices also MOUs and AOAs among others, also skills like printing on headed paper.. 2.7.2. Improved problem solving I acquired the skill off problem solving sometimes the cases do not need to continue to court but as a firm we had to handle them and the parties come terms for example I was given a list of people who had children but had never provided any assistance to the ladies I was tasked with calling them and convincing them to take up responsibility and if they refused I would then draft a demand notice and an intention to sue, they were eight gentlemen but three accepted after they came to the firm and sat down with the mothers and they all said their problems. This improved my skill in problem solving where I learnt to listen to both sides and strike a consensus. 2.7.3. Relations with different categories of people I also had chance to meet different kinds of people I managed to interact with many kinds of lawyers, property consultants at CPS I managed to make acquaintance with many high ranking officers for example I managed to meet Andrew Felix Kaweesi the Kampala Metropolitan Commander and several other high ranking officers at CPS and also meet many other people 2.7.4. Exposure to the demands and challenges of the work environment. The training helped me to gainexposure to the demands and challenges of the workplace. I learnt that in all or any kind of work I do time is of the essence, I also learnt that it is important to respect my seniors as well as her colleagues at workplace. And to appreciate the importance of team work since in most cases it is easier to do certain things collectively. 2.7.5. Opportunity to work with potential employers. I got the opportunity to meet potential employers, my host supervisor asked me to come and work with him after my final year and I also managed to secure myself a clerkship position at Nangwala Rezida Co. Advocates. 2.7.6. Improved appreciation of the legal profession and ethics The internship program has also helped me to have improved appreciation of the profession and therefore better work ethics which is paramount for everyone in the legal profession. This starts right from the dress code, the way one interacts with others and extends to how the lawyer is supposed to handle clients and clients’ cases. 2.8. Strengths and Weaknesses The internship program helps the law student see the practical bitof law which is very important also the eight weeks that I have done my internship I seem too have learnt a lot more about law than I will ever learn in theory this has made me have a better perspective of the degree am pursuing, the concepts look a lot clearer for example I sat in a business association class and completed it without knowing how a certificate of incorporation looked like. However the program has some weaknesses for example it cannot be properly evaluated since everyone works in a different environment the assessment of host supervisors cannot be conclusive as every supervisor has a different expectation of their intern. Also the program should be started a lot earlier as its benefits are useful to all law students. CHAPTER THREE 3.1 Recommendations After conducting the internship training, the internee came up with the following recommendations to the; (1) the university, (2) the organization of placement and (3) to the future internees. 3.1.1 TO THE UNIVERSITY The internship program should be started a lot earlier as every law student needs it also the marking scheme should dwell more on the practical rather than the theoretical bit. The university should put in place an effective communication program that will include the host supervisors, students and the lecturers of the university and other stake holders like the parents or sponsors. The program should also continue for the students that are willing to continue and the university should provide onsite supervision 3.1.2 TO THE ORGANIZATION OF PLACEMENT It should be made part of the organization policies to get interns to work with the organization as well though the interns are not employees they should be given some facilitation since they also are part of the people doing work for the firm. The interns should also be given access to the firm facilities in doing their academic work like law reports statutes among others. The security of the firm should also be improved I lost bot my laptop and phone while at my organization of placement to a thief who claimed to be a client a system should be put into place where the details of people who access the firm are recorded or the reception should be put in such away that property of people is not accessed. 3.1.3 TO THE FUTURE INTERNEES. To be open minded and ready to learn also to be flexible since it is through the work one is given that they learn. It is also important to get a place of internship where many assignments will be given to you otherwise some the interns are not give anything too doo since there are employees for everything. 3.2 CONCLUSION In conclusion the internship program has been very enlighteningto be Ihave managed to learn a lot and to put into practice what I have studied in theory this has also helped me to choose the path in law I would want to take I have found a passion in practicing criminal law since it is unlike other branches of law touching the real nature of humanity. The justice system unfortunately just like in may other jurisdiction treats you better if you are rich and guilty than if you poor and innocent if I attain my intention of practicing criminal law perhaps this can change.   A REPORT ON FIELD ATTACHMENT PROGRAM CONDUCTED ATKM ADVOCATES AND ASSOCIATES FROM 10th/ JUNE/2014 to 1st/ AUGUST/2014. BY KAKAIRE ANDREW 11/U/15377/PS FIELD SUPERVISOR: MR.KIKOMEKO MUHAMMAD SIGNATURE: …………………………… UNIVERSITY SUPERVISOR: MS.ADOCH CAROLINE SIGNATURE: …………………………… JULY- AUGUST 2014 DECLARATION I KAKAIRE ANDREW (Reg No.: 11/U/15377/PS) hereby declare that this internship report is my original piece of work and has never been submitted to any institution of learning for the award of any award. Signature ……………………………….. KAKAIRE ANDREW (Reg No.: 11/U/15377/PS) Date: ………………………………. Approval This internship report is an original piece of work for KAKAIRE ANDREW (Reg No.: 11/U/15377/PS) which was carried out at KM ADVOCATES AND ASSOCIATES FROM 10th/ JUNE/2014 to 1st/ AUGUST/2014 under my supervision and is now ready for submission to Makerere University School of Law. UNIVERSITY SUPERVISOR: MS ADOCH CAROLINE SIGNATURE: ……………………………   Acknowledgement First and foremost, I would like to thank the almighty God for the life, the power and the protection he granted me to do my internship program successfully and also completing this Report. My sincere appreciation goes to the management and staff of KM ADVOCATES AND ASSOCIATES for giving me the opportunity to do my internship at their Law firm. I am grateful to all the partners of KM ADVOCATES AND ASSOCIATES for the hospitality, guidance and the facilitating in line with the Legal Profession that they gave me. In a special way, I would also like to thank my work supervisors, Miss Adoch Caroline and Mr.Kikomeko Muhammad for the guidance, mentorship and the time they gave me during the internship period to ensure that my internship program was a success. I wouldn’t have reached to this level without your support. I express my sincere thanks to my Brothers and sisters for encouraging, inspiring and motivating me to work hard, your support helped me to finish my internship exercise successfully. Finally, I extend my heartfelt gratitude to my family members especially my father Dr.Kakaire David, my mother Mrs. Kakaire Ruth Kiwanuka, for the maximum support they have financially, morally and emotionally offered to ensure that my internship exercise is successfully finished. I wish all of you success and prosperity in your future endeavors. May God bless you Table of Contents Contents DECLARATION ii Approval iii Acknowledgement iv Table of Contents v EXECUTIVE SUMMARY viii LIST OF ACRONYMS x CHAPTER ONE 1 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Background to the field attachment program. 1 1.2 Objectives of the field attachment program 2 1.3 Background of the institution of placement 3 CHAPTER TWO 5 2.1 Introduction 5 2.2 Duties and Responsibilities Undertaken 5 2.2.1 Attendance of court sessions 5 2.2.2. Mediation 5 2.2.3. Visiting registries 6 2.2.4. Bill of costs 7 2.2.5. Trial bundles 9 2.2.6. Legal opinions 10 2.2.7 Research…………………………………………………………………………………………….10 2.2.8 Reading cases……………………………………………………………………………………….11 2.2.9 Going to police stations……………………………………………………………………………..11 2.3. New knowledge and skills acquired 12 2.4. Relationship with other staff 14 2.5. Most enjoyed things and why 14 2.5.2. Interaction with Lawyers 15 2.6 Problems experienced and how they were handled. 16 2.7. Major benefits derived from field attachment exercise on the side ofthe student. 16 2.7.1 New knowledge and practical experiences………………………………………………………….16 2.7.2 Improved problem solving…………………………………………………………………………16 2.7.3 Relationship with different categories of people……………………………………………………16 2.7.4. Exposure to the demands and challengesof the work environment. 17 2.7.5. Opportunity to work with potential employers. 17 2.7.6. Improved appreciation of the legal profession and ethics 17 CHAPTER THREE 18 3.1 Recommendations 18 3.1.1 TO THE UNIVERSITY 18 3.1.2 TO THE ORGANIZATION OF PLACEMENT 19 3.1.3 TO THE FUTURE INTERNEES. 19 3.2 CONCLUSION 19 REFERENCES 21 APPENDIX I: 23 FIELDWORK WORKSHEET / DAIRY 23   EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report consists of the duties and obligations I performed at KM ADVOCATES AND ASSOCIATES some of which include Land transactions, Company Registration, attending court sessions, attending mediation proceedings, Legal opinions, and drafting legal documents. This report also consists of how the above tasks were carried out some of which through carrying out a good research, consultation with the Host supervisor and other lawyers and attending court sessions. This report will also consist of the challenges I experienced during the internship exercise. Which in summary include among others the difficulty of determining who the real clients are, the beauracracy in many organizations that make the assignment given to drag on for long periods of time sometimes due the level of corruption in various institutions where monetary favors are asked from you not to mention the diverging from the established theoretical law in a bid to please people in higher authorities or those with money also the bid difference that exists between the theoretical and the practical bit of law. As well as the withholding of work by the partners and other staff because they felt I did not have enough theoretical knowledge to enable me do practical work. This report further contains the general ways of the lawyers in the public today, their strengths, weaknesses, the challenges they face and their Relationship with the outside world or with their clients. This report also includes some recommendations to improve the field attachment exercise. These include encouraging the employers to give interns work regardless of whether we have covered most of the practical subjects or not. I also recommend that the Law school continues with the internship program to enable the students acquire practical skills and acknowledge and also enhance in students a wide and deeper understanding of the Law (legal system). In conclusion I consider the internship program an eye opening activity that has clearly set out my path in regards to the legal profession.   LIST OF ACRONYMS KM KM ADVOCATES AND ASSOCIATES URSB Uganda Registration Service Bureau HS Host Supervisor LPPU Land Police Protection Unit AC Academic Supervisor CAO Chief Administrative Officer CPS Central Police Station URA Uganda Revenue Authority LC Local Council MOU Memorandum of Understanding AOA Articles of Association CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND 1.0 INTRODUCTION This section looks at objectives of the internship, scope of the internship in relation to geographical area and time. This chapter also looks at organizational profile like background, organizational structure, organizational stock holders and organizational activities. 1.1 Background to the field attachment program. In abid to improve the quality of graduates produced every year, Makerere University introduced field attachment program where students reach out to various employment institutions where they get to do practical tasks in line with the academic program they are studying to the University. Some of the reasons for the field attachmentprogram are; to enable the students to understand work ethics, employments demands and responsibilities and also to instill in the students the courage, interest and the confidence to deal with real life problems starting with solving live problems faced by students at their places of work. The field attachment program was introduced in 2012 at the school of law. This came up because the Administration realized that there was a need for students to acquire the practical hands on experience. The administration further realized the need for students to get familiar with the legal ethics and profession and also to appreciate the employment environment. Students are therefore required to attend court sessions to grasp the procedural aspects of the law. Students are also required to go to the company registry, land registry and become familiar with the procedures followed in incorporation of companied, buying or registering land and lodging caveats. Inaddition, students are also required to familiarize themselves with some of the court documents, learn new ways of doing research and write legal opinions. Students are also required to build professional relationships with the people they are working with who are potential employers and also who may guide and mentor them when they join the legal profession. In my perspective, to add on, the field attachment exercise provides the student a unique opportunity to students to put into practice the theoretical knowledge they have acquired overtime, also an opportunity to compare the theoretical bit of law with the practical bit and be able to make a definitive choice as to the fields of law they may pursue. 1.2 Objectives of the field attachment program viii. To provide an opportunity for the student to apply the principles and techniques theoretically learnt at law school into real life problem solving situations. ix. To enable the student get hands on experience in real-life situations that am expected to work in when I graduate. x. To provide an opportunity for the student to interact with the academic staff, stakeholders and potential employers to appreciate field situations that will also generate information for curricula review and improvement. xi. To develop the student understands of the work ethics, employment demands, responsibilities and opportunities. xii. To enhance and strengthen linkages between Makerere University and various stakeholders xiii. To give students an opportunity to have more information when it comes to picking a career path in law. xiv. Also through their reports to learn an improve the field attachment activity. 1.3 Background of the institution of placement KM Advocates and Associates is a Ugandan based law firm with attorneys having educational back grounds from the different parts of the world, and some with experience ranging from 45 years of legal practice. The firm is bent on providing effective practical solutions to clients, and attorneys, at KM advocates and associates cherishes the notion of value for value; giving clients results worth their fee/input. Its western oriented attorneys do understand well the sensitivities and concerns of NGOs hence well placed to help them achieve their goals. The Firm’s time conscious attorneys do always respect time guidelines and schedules given by client and share in the zeal of being part of molding the future lawyers and providing an intern position every year to students from various universities and those seeking clerkship with a aim of creating a better student and a lawyer in the future. Mr.Kikomeko Muhammad, the host supervisor, has had a commendable background having practiced law at Nyanzi, Kiboneka and Company Advocates before leaving for his Masters degree in Law at Howard University School of Law. In the United States he himself interned at Pugh Law Group, a small law firm in largo, where he carefully observed ‘the American lawyer’ perspective to problem solving vis a vis British legal system. He later worked with the friends of the World Food Institute, a food production policy think tank under Doctor Echols Marsha, where he made lots of research on farming and land policy, small scale farming and its commercialization on the African continent. He is now a Professor of Law, teaching Agro-business, Trade and Investment Law (focus on Investing in Africa), International Trade among others. He initiated and founded the Food Law Centre at the Islamic University In Uganda (IUIU), an institution engaged in researching on the potential of the Agricultural sector in the Great Lakes region. He is practicing Law, focusing on commercial transactions, Intellectual property, project finance, Banking and financing, Agriculture, International Trade, Lobbying, Legal and Business consulting, globalization, and International Regulatory affairs among others. He is a member of the Uganda Law Society and East African Law Society. In practice of all the above fields the firm ensures to include the interns closely so as to ensure their smooth learning and making the experience memorable in a bid to nature a student that will both love the law and as well be excellent at practicing it in any field of his choice. This is done by including interns in various activities which among others include drafting of legal documents these have been instrumental in developing my skill as an intern in drafting of legal documents I have also been sent to many offices such as other law firms the East African Community Affairs the headquarter of the Wakiso district headquarters where I had a chance to meet the chief administrative officer and also I have had the chance to be part of mediation at commercial court all these activities have been so enlightening ad have had a great impact to my learning and putting into practice what I have learnt in class.   CHAPTER TWO 2.1 Introduction This chapter looks at the organization’s activities, the department I was assigned as well as roles of the agency supervisor towards my activities. 2.2 Duties and Responsibilities Undertaken 2.2.1 Attendance of court sessions One of my duties to accompany my host supervisor to court wewent to the Nabweru chief magistrate’s court however the matter was adjourned in those proceedings since the defendants had just hired a new lawyer who had not acquainted themselves with the facts of the case. However later I went to the commercial court where our clients were being sued for selling the claimant land on agreement that they would remove the squatter which they did not do so the claimant requested the return of the price and they failed to return the money thus the suit. The matter was before His Lordship judgeWangtutsi at the commercial court who when the hearing started inquired whether the agreement was in contention and both sides answered in the negative he then angrily pointed out the fact that the parties had not turned up for mediation which was a mandatory process and thus told them to go and carry out the mediation and go back to court with a result this was done and a consent judgment was reached. This helped me learn in detail the process of the court not to add how he emphasized that lawyers in his court have to be robbed and properly dressed I keenly observed the court process and the matter was heard in chamber it was an informative process. 2.2.2. Mediation I had the chance to attend mediation as well this happened when I went with my host supervisor to the commercial court after the learned judge had asked whether the sale agreement was in contention and both parties answered in the negative he informed them that he had noticed that the parties had not turned up for mediation and said that mediation was a mandatory process e thus told both parties to go for mediation the return to court in an hours’ time. I then had the opportunity to attend the mediation and learnt that this process is where both parties seat and try to come to an understanding the lawyer of both sides seat and put the facts on the table and each is given a chance to give his point of view these are supposed to be in line with what the client’s instructions are. In this mediation the claimant bought land with assurance from the defendants that they would remove the squatters this latter turned out impossible and the claimant requested for the refund of the full price with interest the defendants accepted and to show good will they gave the claimants titles of land four years later the defendants had not paid and the claimant had denied them access to the title which the defendants claimed they were to sell to pay the claimant. During mediation the claimants accepted to hand the titles back to defendants and they also accepted to pay within four months with an agreed interest. I appreciated the process and observed that it is key in dealing with the case backlog and dispensation of quick justice I also learnt that in each negotiation that goes well each party has to do away with some demands, this in conclusion also enhances reconciliation vis a vis the court process where court makes an order thatis mandatory not to mention the financial aspect of the parties who are able to save as regards funding the court process. 2.2.3. Visiting registries I also had the responsibility of visiting registries especially the Uganda Registration Service Bureau (URSB) this was in regard to the registration of companies mostly. In this process a client would come with an idea of incorporating their company and they would give you the general picture of how they would want their company to be and do then you would reserve the name this entailed taking an application form for reservation of a name this is under s; 18 of the companies act of 2012and the Registration amendment act, 2006toURSB an assessment is made and if the name is available it is reserved and the money is paid mainly in Diamond Trust Bank. After that process then the memorandum and articles of association are drafted these are done in accordance with the companies act and three copies are made and these have to go with the assessment form that is paid the statement of nominal capital I it is in the matter of the Stamp Act , the form for registration of a company this is according to the 2nd schedule of the Companies Act and the passport photos of the directors have to be assessed the declaration for compliance wit the requirement of the companies act, the notice of situation of the registered office and the registered postal address or of any change and the particulars of directors and secretaries. This process was as well as enlightening as regards my knowledge in business associations practically I witnessed the use of subscribers of a company and to what extent they invest in forming a company. Where a subscriber cannot hold the company accountable when the company is formed as the rule in Salomon v Salomon it becomes a new entity and also separate from its directors also as witnessed it is very possible for shareholder to be an employee of a company this I witnessed when I was tasked to incorporate a clinici.e. Heart Beat Health Care where the majority shareholder was also the employee, doctor employed in the clinic this is my humble opinion brought cases like Lee v Lee from the law reports to the seen applicability. Also many a time I was sent to the court registry the process was the notice of motion is taken to the clerk who opens up the case then a date is given and the file is taken to the registrar to sign the registrar may return the file if it has any defects or he/she may sign it three copies are usually made and one is retained while one is filed in the firm while the other is served to the other party in the suit this document constitutes affidavit and annexures in this case the notice of motion was to stay the execution of an exparte judgment which was passed in the absence of counsel and the client. 2.2.4. Bill of costs I drafted the bill of costs while using TheAdvocates (Remuneration and Taxation of costs) Rules as a guide. Where I learnt how to draft a bill of costs the manner of preparing the bill of costs is it is put in five columns in the following manner,the first or left-hand column for dates, showing year, month, the second column for the number of the items the third column for the particulars of the services charged for the fourth column for the professional charges claimed; and the fifth column for the taxing officer’s deductions. Disbursements are shown separately at the foot of the bill and fees for attending taxation are not included in the body of the bill, but the item appears at the end, and the amount left blank for completion by the taxing officer. The bill of costs is one of the essential documents used in preparation for a court proceeding since it gives accountability to the client to help him or her fully understand how the total of money that he pays to the lawyer as lawyers’ fees is arrived at, some of the items included in a bill of costs include filing fees, travel expenses to and from court as well as costs for other forms of documentation. 2.2.4 Civil marriage During my internship I also had the opportunity to be part of a civil marriage process these are carried out under the marriage act I was tasked with preparing the documents for notice of marriage this according to the Marriage act one of the parties to the intended marriage shall sign and give to the registrar of the district in which the marriage is intended to take place a notice in Form A in the First Schedule to the act. However though that is spelt out in the act I was asked by my host supervisor to go to the Wakiso District headquarters and inquire what the requirements are, when I went I was given a more detailed list which included an affidavit from the two intending marriage parties these I managed to get and since the intending bride had been living in Canada she sent the affidavit which was before a notary public, also two passport photos were required letters from the local councils 1 saying the intending groom on Uganda had not been married and he is known and a couple of payments had to be made including payments to the Wakiso District Council. After I collected the documents I had them assessed for payment of stamp duty it later surprisingly turned out that the gentleman had tried to do the process on his own but had abandoned it though the notice had been put up close to three months on consultation with the registrar’s office the marriage was allowed to continue and a date was set on the given date I went with the lot to the district headquarter and witnessed the marriage. The Chief Administrative Officer asked the witnesses question to ascertain their identity then they pronounced the oath and signed the certificate they were then legally married globally. 2.2.5. Trial bundles I drafted trial bundles which involves all the documentary evidence that a lawyer intends to use in court during a court proceeding. It is important that you mainly consider the documents mentioned in the plaint in form of annexure to ensure that onlyrelevant documents are included. However, there may be important documents that are included in the trial bundle but are not in the plaint which are important for the trial and it is important to include these as well. 2.2.6. Legal opinions I also wrote legal opinions as regards the cases that werebroughtto the firm for example in fact where the claimants relatives were knocked to death by a taxi driver my legal opinion involved using vicarious liability to get compensation form the employer of the taxi driver and I used cases like Muwonge v Attorney general this was based on the principle of deep pocket where the employer has the money to give the affected families2.2.7. Police bonds Just as court grants bail also police gives bond this is done in line with S.17 of the Criminal Procedure Act while carrying out my internship I had a chance to execute police bonds and also to renew police bonds these are given if the police arrests someone and will not be able to produce that person in court within forty eight hours the person has to report back to police in the intervals that they are given while police carries out investigations or if they fail they risk detainment once again. One of the clients I dealt with was given bond and he was not around on the day of extension of the bond I was thus sent to officer in charge at the Central Police Station to explain his circumstances and have the bond extended this is done on the release on bond police form 18 under S; 17 of the Criminal Procedure Act . After presentation of the facts to the officer in charge he told me to talk to the claimants and he would extend it if they accepted luckily enough they did accept and the bond was extended, this was on the basis that our client was looking for money to pay the claimants who he had promised to pay on that particular day. On another incident a client was detained at the police station on Luwum street on a charge of inciting violence, I was sent there and the client’s statement was taken and the statement of the KCCA officials who had arrested him. He was released on police bond and he was told to return in two days time, I went back with him and the police had established that the problem had arisen from the stage operators who had given the fellow drivers money which was less by 15000/=(fifteen thousand shillings) and they were demanding accountability, he was discharged and cautioned not to stay in areas where chaos was happening. 2.2.7. Research I also carried research on various aspects these included among others how to set aside an exparte judgment which I found in the civil procedure rules and the case law, I was also tasked with researching about civil marriages where I discovered there are otherrequirementsthat arerequired apart from those inthe Marriage Act . 2.2.8. Reading cases I was also tasked with reading cases for instance I was tasked with reading cases regarding the setting aside of an Exparte judgment I was given the task of reading cases such as Bigways Construction Company Ltd vs. Trentyre (U) Ltd .,Banco Arabe Espanol v Bank of Uganda ,Godfrey Magezi & Anor v Sudhir Rupaleria ,T.M.K V Jack Busingye & 2 others them and was tasked with comparing them with the facts that we heard before us which were that the client had been in Kasese where insurgencies erupted and the counsel, my host supervisor, was bed ridden at the same time these in my opinion had the necessary facts to support the stay of execution of the ex parte judgment and were included in the notice of motion to stay execution. 2.2.9 Going to police stations I was also tasked with going too police stations many a time ii was sent to CPS to coordinate meetings between our client and the claimants the client was in the car selling business and sold people cars but did not get them the logbooks it turned out he had not completed the payments of the cars from where he had bought them some people asked for a refund which he did by giving them postdated checks I was also sent to Kibuli Land Police Protection Unit here a client was sold land only later for a real owner to turn up with the genuine title the vendor accepted too return the money but she had refused after some time I was sent to the land Protection unit so that she can be arrested and charged even return the money, I saw the deputy commandant who told me to put the facts on an official headed paper of the firm so he can recall the file which I did. 2.3. New knowledge and skills acquired During my internship I managed to acquire new skills through activities I carried these among others include though are not limited to drafting of bill of costs and other legal documents the conduct in court and general conduct of lawyers relationship with both the staff and clients got exposed to the practical aspect of law among other skills which are detailed below; 2.3.1. Bill of costs I also learnt how to draft a bill of costs, using the Advocate’s (Remuneration and Taxation of costs) Rules as a guideline of how to compute the lawyer’s fees which include instruction fees, filing fees, transport fees as well as fees for filing other court documents this is drawn by the lawyer and given to the party that is supposed to foot the bills, during my internship I was tasked with drawing bills of costs I was tasked with calling the client who had invested in the suit and the bill of costs was to be taken to court so court can use its discretion to award the costs to the winning party I called the client and was given the details and I drew the bill of costs which I learnt and added to my skills learnt. 2.3.2. Civil marriages I leant the process of carrying out a civil marriage and this include putting up the notice of marriage and this was put up after the parties fulfilled the required that are set out in the Marriage Act which among other include the swearing of the affidavits that they have never been married before in addition to LC letters introducing them to the authorities the information of the parties t the marriage and the information of the witnesses, these should be taken to the CAO the CAO is the registrar of the district the marriage or notice has to be pinned up at the notice board and after the period has expired the parties can then got to the CAO’s office and be married they are issued with a marriage certificate and they then have a valid marriage. I managed to learn the process and too widen the scope of my learning the bride was living in Canada thus the affidavit was sworn before a notary public of Canada 2.3.3. Legal opinions I also learnt to write legal opinion unlike the theoretical facts given in class these facts given seemed to be a lot clearer and I had the option of calling the clients for clarity this made it easy to pick out the legal issues from the facts and writing a good legal opinion. Writing legal opinion entails reading the facts in the file than calling the client for clarity then picking out the legal aspects and writing out a legal opinion first and foremost I learnt that one must first figure out a clear line of thought in which to approach the facts then write out a good legal opinion for example I was presented with facts where the husbands of the clients were knocked to death by a taxi driver and the families were now suffering financially as the people who were killed were the bread winners the driver had already been arrested so he could not provide any substantial financing for the families. Presented with this fact I had to call and inquire whether the taxi belonged to the driver or he was being employed by someone on getting the information that the owner of the taxi indeed had several other taxis and commercial vehicles I knew my opinion had to fall within vicarious liability then I sought to find the authorities that made the employer culpable. 2.3.4. Court Proceedings and Mediation Proceedings I was also keen and appreciated the difference in the procedures used in the chief magistrate court and in commercial court during mediations. For example in the chief magistrates court stringent procedures are followed and in most case the lawyers do most of the deliberations. The parties to the case only speak when they are asked to speak and the decision of the magistrate is binding on all parties. In mediations however, there is no stringent procedure put in place and in most cases the court follows a procedure that both parties consider to be favorable for them. Despite the fact that the client`s lawyers attend the sessions, in most cases the parties to the suit do most of the deliberations. The decision of the mediator is not binding on both parties for example in one of the mediation proceeding I went for the parties went ahead and got consent judgment. 2.4. Relationship with other staff Relationship with other staff was professional and very good because first of all the members were so supportive, hospitable and helpful during my entire stay at KM advocates and associates and they helped me learn a lot I managed to have a fruitful lecture from one of the partners who had been elected to the International Criminal Court and he gave me good insight on how I can apply my international law this helped me see the use of the subject more clearly even if you are not practicing in an international court and among these include consultancy when it comes to companies that are going to operate globally, giving lectures, writing books, working in embassies among other things. Among the staff were also those who were going to sit for their entry to the Law Development Center so they can pursue their diploma in law bar course they included me in their discussion and this in one way or another helped me build my confidence in regard to the program and realize the effort I need to put. The relationship in my humble opinion was good and fruitful and this helped me learn even more. 2.5. Most enjoyed things and why 2.5.1. Court sessions I enjoyed court sessions these were particularly good because I got the chance to see the lawyers battling in court it did look easy but in my humble opinion it was all about the lawyer that had prepared well, it was also funny when lawyers made funny mistakes which the judges would point out like the documents at one time had a date of typing that was after the filing which showed the documents had been filed even before they were typed. Another aspect that caught my attention was the respect the lawyers gave to the judge when at te law firms my encounters with lawyers left me knowing them to be extremely pompous people however in front of the judge they had to be humble and also dress well while at commercial court those who were not properly dressed in robs were sent out by the judge. 2.5.2. Interaction with Lawyers I also enjoyed interacting with lawyers during my internship I managed to meet several advocates those who seemed friendly I asked them for any advice they could give me and if the bar course was hard as regards the bar course they all said it was hard and needed a lot of effort some even went ahead to give me advice to go and do it from other east African countries since there I had a better chance on the advice I was given a lot but all in all the point I picked out was to work hard prepare well and be honest. 2.5.3. Assignments I enjoyed the assignments ii was given tis made me feel part of the firm these included even aspects outside the field of law for example repair of the computers which am good at I was also the one who over saw the partitioning of the office I was also given the money to repair the printers and many other assignments. 2.5.4. Incorporation of Companies I also enjoyed the process of company registration I managed to incorporate some companies on my own I also enjoyed this process because I can accomplish it on my own. 2.5.5. Mediation proceedings The internee very much enjoyed the mediation proceedings because she was able to appreciate the importance of Alternative Dispute Resolution which inn my opinion is a revolutionary exercise that will enhance reconciliation and also help save the money that clients would have spent if they continued to court. 2.6 Problems experienced and how they were handled. At the beginning of the training, the lawyers were reluctant to give me tasks to carry-out because they felt. The internee did not have enough theoretical knowledge to enable metake on the practical tasks. I started asking if I could help the staff with their work this helped them realize what is could do and I was able to get assignments of my own if I did not know I asked to be taught. I also had a big problem in using the laws of Uganda, the red and blue volumes as well as the case indexes and how to use the advocate’s (remuneration and taxation of costs) rules to calculate the bill of costs but one of the lawyers explained to us how to use them so it became easy. I experienced also the problem of various institutions where people asked for bribes to complete a task, I would find alternative ways or call my host supervisor sometimes we would have no option. 2.7. Major benefits derived from field attachment exercise on the side ofthe student. 2.7.1. New knowledge and practical experiences I acquired new knowledge and practical experiences during the internship program. For example I learnt that in court one has to be prepared well so that when in court courts time is not wasted I also learnt practical skills like drafting affidavits, writing demand notices and intention to sue notices also MOUs and AOAs among others, also skills like printing on headed paper.. 2.7.2. Improved problem solving I acquired the skill off problem solving sometimes the cases do not need to continue to court but as a firm we had to handle them and the parties come terms for example I was given a list of people who had children but had never provided any assistance to the ladies I was tasked with calling them and convincing them to take up responsibility and if they refused I would then draft a demand notice and an intention to sue, they were eight gentlemen but three accepted after they came to the firm and sat down with the mothers and they all said their problems. This improved my skill in problem solving where I learnt to listen to both sides and strike a consensus. 2.7.3. Relations with different categories of people I also had chance to meet different kinds of people I managed to interact with many kinds of lawyers, property consultants at CPS I managed to make acquaintance with many high ranking officers for example I managed to meet Andrew Felix Kaweesi the Kampala Metropolitan Commander and several other high ranking officers at CPS and also meet many other people 2.7.4. Exposure to the demands and challenges of the work environment. The training helped me to gainexposure to the demands and challenges of the workplace. I learnt that in all or any kind of work I do time is of the essence, I also learnt that it is important to respect my seniors as well as her colleagues at workplace. And to appreciate the importance of team work since in most cases it is easier to do certain things collectively. 2.7.5. Opportunity to work with potential employers. I got the opportunity to meet potential employers, my host supervisor asked me to come and work with him after my final year and I also managed to secure myself a clerkship position at Nangwala Rezida Co. Advocates. 2.7.6. Improved appreciation of the legal profession and ethics The internship program has also helped me to have improved appreciation of the profession and therefore better work ethics which is paramount for everyone in the legal profession. This starts right from the dress code, the way one interacts with others and extends to how the lawyer is supposed to handle clients and clients’ cases. 2.8. Strengths and Weaknesses The internship program helps the law student see the practical bitof law which is very important also the eight weeks that I have done my internship I seem too have learnt a lot more about law than I will ever learn in theory this has made me have a better perspective of the degree am pursuing, the concepts look a lot clearer for example I sat in a business association class and completed it without knowing how a certificate of incorporation looked like. However the program has some weaknesses for example it cannot be properly evaluated since everyone works in a different environment the assessment of host supervisors cannot be conclusive as every supervisor has a different expectation of their intern. Also the program should be started a lot earlier as its benefits are useful to all law students. CHAPTER THREE 3.1 Recommendations After conducting the internship training, the internee came up with the following recommendations to the; (1) the university, (2) the organization of placement and (3) to the future internees. 3.1.1 TO THE UNIVERSITY The internship program should be started a lot earlier as every law student needs it also the marking scheme should dwell more on the practical rather than the theoretical bit. The university should put in place an effective communication program that will include the host supervisors, students and the lecturers of the university and other stake holders like the parents or sponsors. The program should also continue for the students that are willing to continue and the university should provide onsite supervision 3.1.2 TO THE ORGANIZATION OF PLACEMENT It should be made part of the organization policies to get interns to work with the organization as well though the interns are not employees they should be given some facilitation since they also are part of the people doing work for the firm. The interns should also be given access to the firm facilities in doing their academic work like law reports statutes among others. The security of the firm should also be improved I lost bot my laptop and phone while at my organization of placement to a thief who claimed to be a client a system should be put into place where the details of people who access the firm are recorded or the reception should be put in such away that property of people is not accessed. 3.1.3 TO THE FUTURE INTERNEES. To be open minded and ready to learn also to be flexible since it is through the work one is given that they learn. It is also important to get a place of internship where many assignments will be given to you otherwise some the interns are not give anything too doo since there are employees for everything. 3.2 CONCLUSION In conclusion the internship program has been very enlighteningto be Ihave managed to learn a lot and to put into practice what I have studied in theory this has also helped me to choose the path in law I would want to take I have found a passion in practicing criminal law since it is unlike other branches of law touching the real nature of humanity. The justice system unfortunately just like in may other jurisdiction treats you better if you are rich and guilty than if you poor and innocent if I attain my intention of practicing criminal law perhaps this can change.   REFERENCES 1. Case law 2. Text books 3. Consultation with Mr. Kikomeko Muhammad on the use of case indexes and laws of Uganda. 4. Consultation with Mr. Kikomeko Muhammad on drafting of trial bundles 5. Consultation with Mr. Kikomeko Muhammad on writing of legal opinions. 6. Consultation with other staff members 7. Statutes 8. Internet material 9. Verbal interactions with various people   APPENDIX I: FIELDWORK WORKSHEET / DAIRY DATE ACTIVITY LESSONS LEARNT Week 1 Orientation and printing work Learnt how the law firm operates Visit to Wakiso district headquarters and drafting memorandum and articles of association Learnt the art of drafting without over reliance on precedents Drafted an affidavit and reserved at URSB Introduced to the process of reserving a name for a company Went at KCCA the physical planning office to check on a caveat on land In the process learnt the importance of the title left at the registrars’ office Wrote a legal opinion inn regard to vicarious liability Saw practicability of my tort theoretical knowledge Week 2 Returned to KCCA as regard the caveat Caveats have to be assessed for payment of stamp duty as well Drafted a bill of costs, picked a reservation and paid the stamp duty, also took MOUs and AOA This is a document that the lawyer gives to clients for accountability Took documents to URSB for assessment paid the requirements of civil marriage Engaged people going to sit for pre entry of the bar course at the law development center Took documents to URSB, paid two hundred Uganda shillings for celebration of a civil marriage. Requirements of a civil marriage include some which are not in the marriage act Went to Wakiso District Headquarters and deposited the documents for notice of marriage. A notary public can notarize documents used in another country Week 3 Went to URSB to pick reservations, got a reference letter from police at kisubi and was sent to KCCA Learnt how to apply for a tax identification number online Went to Kibuli Land police Protection Unit This unit protects land fraud and handles cases relating to land. Returned too Kibuli land Police protection Unit To institute a land complaint it is done by the office of the commandant who recalls thee file to be sent to that unit then investigations begin. Went to the KCCA legal department to check on a file KCCA had accepted to compensate someone. When a government vehicle injures you the organization can compensate you. Went too Wakiso district headquarters saw the celebration of the civil marriage Managed to see the certificate of marriage issued by the CAO Week 4 Took company forms to URSB for assessment and approval. Once approval is done one then waits for the company to be incorporated Reported with a client to CPS to renew his bond it was renewed. Learnt the process of renewing a bond. Went to Nabweru Magistrates court, went too KCCA physical planning office also went to URSB Changing a lawyer is a reason that is good enough to have a case adjourned. Went and served matovu property consultant with an intention to sue, also seed an employee of East Africa Community Affairs with and intention to sue and demand notice Revised and saw the applicability of maintenance of a child. Went to URSB also to URA branch at DTB Learnt how to do my own land assessments online. Week 5 Went to URA headquarters at Nakawa for a log book application, went to DTB If the registered owner of a car cannot be found then they have to go to court and swear and affidavit also put the advert in the news for a fortnight. Wrote a legal opinion in regard to stay the execution of an exparte judgment made assessments at commercial court for plaints. Researched cases for setting aside an exparte judgment. Went to high court and made assessments also got a hearing date for the stay of execution Learnt the process of opening up a case Went to commercial court for a hearing took a letter too opportunity bank went URSB Attended court and learnt to prepare trial bundles Picked up a certificate of incorporation for Heartbeat Health Care Saw a certificate of incorporation Week 6 Went to URSB, DTB and also prepared company forms Went to CPS in a bid to extend bond of a client which was refused The police can deny bond of a suspect if it has reason to believe he may not report back. Attended a meeting between the client and the claimants with the CID Kampala Metropolitan police Learnt the process at police before a suspect is taken to court Went to URSB and picked HEARTBEAT HEALTH CARE which had been incorporated Saw the certificate of incorporation and successfully incorporated a company. Escorted a client who was being transferred from CPS to Jinja road police Accused can be tried both I the civil and criminal aspect Week 7 Delivered a consentjudgment to Kasirye Byaruhanga Co advocates, typed an invoice to clients When one wants there case heard during court recess they get a certificate of urgency Went to URSB, picked title from kasirye Byaruhanga company advocates When one files a notice of motion the registrar can reject it if it has defects Went to commercial court to pick the notice of motion and serve it.also went to the police post at Luwum street to execute a bond for clients who had been detained. When people are arrested they have to make statements even if they are to be released Drafted a letter to the state attorney that some of the defendants were negotiating with the claimants. Week 8 It was Eid El Fitr the firm did not open Was tasked with finding the process to follow when one loses a certificate off title, wrote a letter asking court to extend bond Learn the process carried out when a certificate of title is lost Drafted a letter responding to an intention to sue also drafted a letter where a wife was requesting for maintenance Learnt how to reply to a demand notice and an intention to sue Took a reply to Katutntu and company advocates for an intention to sue also served Lwera, Lwenyaga and company advocates with the notice of motion. Met lawyers who gave me advice on how to succeed Went to Kitinda in Kampala to inspect a plot of land also went to URA at Nakawa to have the car inspected and the owner interviewed When applying for a log book he car has to be inspected and the person who intends to have it put in his names has to be interviewed. REFERENCES 10. Case law 11. Text books 12. Consultation with Mr. Kikomeko Muhammad on the use of case indexes and laws of Uganda. 13. Consultation with Mr. Kikomeko Muhammad on drafting of trial bundles 14. Consultation with Mr. Kikomeko Muhammad on writing of legal opinions. 15. Consultation with other staff members 16. Statutes 17. Internet material 18. Verbal interactions with various people   APPENDIX I: FIELDWORK WORKSHEET / DAIRY DATE ACTIVITY LESSONS LEARNT Week 1 Orientation and printing work Learnt how the law firm operates Visit to Wakiso district headquarters and drafting memorandum and articles of association Learnt the art of drafting without over reliance on precedents Drafted an affidavit and reserved at URSB Introduced to the process of reserving a name for a company Went at KCCA the physical planning office to check on a caveat on land In the process learnt the importance of the title left at the registrars’ office Wrote a legal opinion inn regard to vicarious liability Saw practicability of my tort theoretical knowledge Week 2 Returned to KCCA as regard the caveat Caveats have to be assessed for payment of stamp duty as well Drafted a bill of costs, picked a reservation and paid the stamp duty, also took MOUs and AOA This is a document that the lawyer gives to clients for accountability Took documents to URSB for assessment paid the requirements of civil marriage Engaged people going to sit for pre entry of the bar course at the law development center Took documents to URSB, paid two hundred Uganda shillings for celebration of a civil marriage. Requirements of a civil marriage include some which are not in the marriage act Went to Wakiso District Headquarters and deposited the documents for notice of marriage. A notary public can notarize documents used in another country Week 3 Went to URSB to pick reservations, got a reference letter from police at kisubi and was sent to KCCA Learnt how to apply for a tax identification number online Went to Kibuli Land police Protection Unit This unit protects land fraud and handles cases relating to land. Returned too Kibuli land Police protection Unit To institute a land complaint it is done by the office of the commandant who recalls thee file to be sent to that unit then investigations begin. Went to the KCCA legal department to check on a file KCCA had accepted to compensate someone. When a government vehicle injures you the organization can compensate you. Went too Wakiso district headquarters saw the celebration of the civil marriage Managed to see the certificate of marriage issued by the CAO Week 4 Took company forms to URSB for assessment and approval. Once approval is done one then waits for the company to be incorporated Reported with a client to CPS to renew his bond it was renewed. Learnt the process of renewing a bond. Went to Nabweru Magistrates court, went too KCCA physical planning office also went to URSB Changing a lawyer is a reason that is good enough to have a case adjourned. Went and served matovu property consultant with an intention to sue, also seed an employee of East Africa Community Affairs with and intention to sue and demand notice Revised and saw the applicability of maintenance of a child. Went to URSB also to URA branch at DTB Learnt how to do my own land assessments online. Week 5 Went to URA headquarters at Nakawa for a log book application, went to DTB If the registered owner of a car cannot be found then they have to go to court and swear and affidavit also put the advert in the news for a fortnight. Wrote a legal opinion in regard to stay the execution of an exparte judgment made assessments at commercial court for plaints. Researched cases for setting aside an exparte judgment. Went to high court and made assessments also got a hearing date for the stay of execution Learnt the process of opening up a case Went to commercial court for a hearing took a letter too opportunity bank went URSB Attended court and learnt to prepare trial bundles Picked up a certificate of incorporation for Heartbeat Health Care Saw a certificate of incorporation Week 6 Went to URSB, DTB and also prepared company forms Went to CPS in a bid to extend bond of a client which was refused The police can deny bond of a suspect if it has reason to believe he may not report back. Attended a meeting between the client and the claimants with the CID Kampala Metropolitan police Learnt the process at police before a suspect is taken to court Went to URSB and picked HEARTBEAT HEALTH CARE which had been incorporated Saw the certificate of incorporation and successfully incorporated a company. Escorted a client who was being transferred from CPS to Jinja road police Accused can be tried both I the civil and criminal aspect Week 7 Delivered a consentjudgment to Kasirye Byaruhanga Co advocates, typed an invoice to clients When one wants there case heard during court recess they get a certificate of urgency Went to URSB, picked title from kasirye Byaruhanga company advocates When one files a notice of motion the registrar can reject it if it has defects Went to commercial court to pick the notice of motion and serve it.also went to the police post at Luwum street to execute a bond for clients who had been detained. When people are arrested they have to make statements even if they are to be released Drafted a letter to the state attorney that some of the defendants were negotiating with the claimants. Week 8 It was Eid El Fitr the firm did not open Was tasked with finding the process to follow when one loses a certificate off title, wrote a letter asking court to extend bond Learn the process carried out when a certificate of title is lost Drafted a letter responding to an intention to sue also drafted a letter where a wife was requesting for maintenance Learnt how to reply to a demand notice and an intention to sue Took a reply to Katutntu and company advocates for an intention to sue also served Lwera, Lwenyaga and company advocates with the notice of motion. Met lawyers who gave me advice on how to succeed Went to Kitinda in Kampala to inspect a plot of land also went to URA at Nakawa to have the car inspected and the owner interviewed When applying for a log book he car has to be inspected and the person who intends to have it put in his names has to be interviewed.